Solvent effects refer to the influence of the chemical environment in which a reaction or process takes place on the reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and overall outcome. Solvents can impact the stability of reactants and intermediates, the rates of reaction, and the selectivity of products. Solvent effects can be due to various factors such as polarity, viscosity, hydrogen bonding ability, acidity or basicity, and solvation strength. Understanding and manipulating solvent effects is important in a wide range of disciplines including organic chemistry, catalysis, and material science. Researchers often study solvent effects to optimize reaction conditions, improve yields, and enhance selectivity in chemical processes.